Despite the name, JavaScript is most similar to the C programming language, although it does inherit some aspects from Java. It is a loosely typed scripting language that is prototype-based and can be object-oriented or functional. JavaScript (née LiveScript and formally known as ECMAScript) started as a scripting language for the browser from Netscape Communications. Those additions transformed the Web from a medium that presented static unidirectional data, like a newspaper or book, to a bidirectional medium allowing communication in both directions. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), invented by Tim Berners-Lee, has come a long way since its inception in 1990.įigure 1-1 shows an abbreviated timeline of HTML from the HTML5Rocks slides ( ).Īlthough all the advancements were critical in pushing standards forward, of particular interest to our pursuits is the introduction of JavaScript in 1996 and AJAX in 2005. In this chapter, we discuss the features added by HTML5 and the associated JavaScript APIs. There are many notable additions to HTML, such as native drawing support and audiovisual elements. It has rules for parsing to allow different browsers to display the same incorrectly formatted document in the same fashion. HTML5 also has more allowances for incorrect syntax than were present in HTML4. Some elements have been removed and it is no longer based on SGML, an older standard for document markup. It represents a break from its predecessors, HTML4 and XHTML. HTML5 is a draft specification for the next major iteration of HTML.
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